Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining.There is hypo- and hyperacid gastritis (that is, with high or low acidity).
As you know, the stomach produces hydrochloric acid, the content of which determines the type of gastritis.Diet plays a leading role in the treatment of gastritis.
Basic diet rules
The main goal of the gastritis diet is to follow a diet that ensures normal digestion.
The gastritis treatment table (per day) should include:
- 90-100 gr.proteins (60% animal),
- 90-100 gr.fat (75% animal)
- 400-420 gr.carbohydrates.
The total energy value should be 2800-3000 kcal.
Diet rules for gastritis
Power mode
First of all, you need to follow a schedule of meals (at the same time).Secondly, with gastritis, meals should be partial, 4-5 times a day, but at the same time, snacks should be avoided (they cause "excessive" secretion of gastric juice and reduce its production during breakfast/lunch/dinner, which interferes with food processing and assimilation processes).
Reading while eating, watching TV and "eating while running" should be strictly excluded.
Knowing the measure
With gastritis, the saying "you should be a little hungry after eating" is more relevant than ever.
Firstly, the feeling of satiety occurs only 10-15 minutes after eating, and secondly, a full stomach does not cope well with its functions, especially with gastritis.
Chewing food
Prolonged chewing of food (at least 25-30 seconds for each piece) promotes more thorough mechanical processing of food, which relieves a sore stomach.In addition, hunger in this case is satisfied faster (which prevents overeating).
Avoiding complex foods
The gastritis menu should consist of simple but varied dishes.A large amount of ingredients in dishes makes it difficult for the stomach to digest them.
Rest after eating
After each meal, you should rest for 15-20 minutes (not always sleep).You can read a book or listen to music.
Prohibited foods in case of gastritis
With increased acidity
In case of gastritis with increased production of hydrochloric acid, the diet should be aimed at reducing the production of gastric juice.Therefore, the principles of the treatment table consist of 3 points:
- mechanically– avoid eating food with coarse fibers (bran bread, turnips, radishes, "old" meat);
- chemically– prohibition of food products that increase the production of gastric juice (alcohol, coffee, white cabbage, citrus fruits, sour fruits and berries, strong broths);
- thermal- do not eat too cold or, on the contrary, hot food (optimal temperature 50 degrees).
Prohibited foods in case of hyperacid gastritis:
- fresh, extra warm bread, butter pastries and puff pastry;
- cereals: pearl barley, legumes, millet, barley, corn (coarse fiber);
- rich meat and fish broths, okroshka, borscht, mushroom soups (contain many extractive substances that stimulate the production of gastric juice);
- fatty and stringy types of meat: duck, chicken, pork, smoked meat (they are difficult to digest in the stomach and increase the production of hydrochloric acid);
- fatty and salty fish (provokes the production of gastric juices);
- fermented milk products (all types of sharp cheeses, limited to sour cream);
- vegetables: rutabaga, radish, radish, sorrel, spinach, canned vegetables (coarse fiber), as well as onions and garlic, especially raw (stimulates the activity of gastric glands in the mucous membrane);
- sweets: sour fruits and berries, unripe fruits, chocolate, dried fruits (coarse fiber, increased acidity);
- spices: mustard, pepper, horseradish (stimulates hydrochloric acid production);
- carbonated drinks, kvass, coffee (stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid, increases gas production, causes heartburn);
- fried and hard-boiled eggs, animal fats (except butter).
Gastritis with low acidity
The goal of the low-acid gastritis diet is to stimulate (in moderation) the production of gastric juice.Food should be taken after the start of hydrochloric acid secretion, that is, in the first phase (advertising or programs about food, beautiful photos of food, "tasty" conversations can cause the release of gastric juice).
Prohibited foods in case of hypoacid gastritis:
- fresh bread, rich pastries ("heavy" food for the stomach, makes chemical and mechanical processing difficult);
- restriction of pearl barley, legumes, millet;
- fatty meat, meat with fascia (films), canned goods, smoked products (inadequate mechanical processing of food, excessive release of hydrochloric acid);
- fatty and salty fish;
- vegetables and fruits with coarse fibers (white cabbage, turnips, radishes, cucumbers, peppers), mushrooms;
- berries with grains or thick skin (raspberries, strawberries, red currants, gooseberries, figs);
- sharp and salty cheeses, milk - neutralizes hydrochloric acid;
- pork, beef, lamb lard and fat (non-digestible due to low hydrochloric acid production, hard-to-digest foods);
- spices and seasonings (irritating the gastric mucosa), as well as chocolate, grape juice, alcohol;
Allowed products
With increased acidity
Products and foods that are allowed and recommended for gastritis with increased acid production should neutralize the high content of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and facilitate digestion in the stomach (puréed dishes, liquid porridge, boiled meat, fish and poultry).
Allowed products for the treatment of hyperacid gastritis:
- "yesterday's" or dried bread, crackers, dry cookies (biscuits);
- mashed vegetable puree (carrots, potatoes, beets, cauliflower), peeled tomatoes;
- fruits that do not contain coarse fibers (bananas, baked apples, ripe pears, sweet berries, as well as making fruit drinks, compotes, jellies, jellies from them);
- sweet products: milk cream, marshmallows, marshmallows, honey (drinking honey water 1.5-2 hours before eating reduces acidity in the stomach, has a healing and immunostimulating effect);
- butter (natural and ghee), vegetable oils (contains vitamin E, which neutralizes hydrochloric acid);
- lean meat and poultry (veal, beef without tendons and fascia, "white" chicken);
- milk, cream, low-fat cottage cheese (antacid – anti-heartburn effect, covers the gastric mucosa, neutralizes gastric juice);
- river fish (contains a large amount of unsaturated fat, which normalizes the functioning of the digestive tract) in the form of meatballs or steamed, boiled;
- seafood;
- parsley and dill, vanillin and cinnamon in small quantities to stimulate the appetite;
- soft-boiled eggs or steamed omelette (preferably white);
- cabbage, potato, carrot juice (or mixture) – antacid effect, high vitamin U content – anti-ulcer factor;
- decoction of rose hips (a lot of vitamin C, which has a healing effect and stimulates the appetite), weak tea or coffee with milk, cocoa, mineral water without gas (removal of toxins).
With low acidity
Products recommended for gastritis with low acidity should stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid.Eating should coincide with the beginning of the release of gastric juice.
Allowed products for the treatment of hypoacid gastritis:
- dried bread, crackers, pastries;
- porridge with water or diluted milk, well-cooked, liquid, also steamed meatballs and meatballs, puddings, souffles;
- veal, beef, chicken without skin;
- low-fat meat and fish broths, you can add cereals, pasta, if you tolerate it well, borscht, cabbage soup, beetroot soup with finely chopped vegetables;
- potatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, white (finely chopped) cabbage, cauliflower (boiled, steamed or in the form of puree, pudding);
- juices from potatoes, cabbage, carrots right before eating (stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid);
- honey water before meals (stimulates acid production), watermelon, peeled grapes, baked apples, compotes and foams from very ripe and sweet fruits and berries;
- tea with lemon, weak coffee, cocoa with diluted milk, decoction of wild roses;
- vegetable oils, butter;
- fermented milk products, grated and soft cheese in small slices;
- soft-boiled eggs or egg white omelette.
The need to follow a diet
No drug can completely cure acute gastritis or lead to a stable remission in the presence of chronic gastritis.
All advertised medicines, which are available to everyone, are sold in pharmacies without a prescription.But they only prevent (temporary) unpleasant symptoms (heartburn, pain, belching).
Following a gastritis diet not only makes the patient's life easier, but also disciplines a person.
The treatment table for gastritis is wholesome and healthy food, normalization of lifestyle, rejection of bad habits and low-quality products.In addition, the gastritis diet helps to normalize weight (those who have lost weight will gain weight, and people with excess body weight will lose weight), because a timely and nutritious diet not only normalizes the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, but also all metabolic processes and, therefore, strengthens the immune system.
Consequences of not following the diet
If you refuse to follow a diet for any type of gastritis, the patient may experience the following problems:
- lack of vitamins;
- diseases of the liver, pancreas, duodenum, colon and small intestine (as a result of stomach disorders);
- significant loss of body weight (fear of eating);
- peptic ulcer disease and its consequences: ulcer perforation, ulcer penetration - germination in the organ, bleeding;
- formation of atrophic gastritis and transformation into gastric cancer.